杂剧色非脚色辨

Distinction Between Zajuse and Jiaose

"脚色"最早为个人简历之意,古典戏曲形成后,适应人物出场亮相时的自我介绍,后渐为戏曲演员的行当术语。但在这一术语走向定型的过程中,脚色仍长期保留着履历之意,到明末清初才约定俗成下来。此前,宋金杂剧院本中的"末尼"、"引戏"、"副末"、"副净"、"装孤"等演员类型,其实并非"脚色",而是"杂剧色"。区别在于:"脚色"是在故事情节发展中,服务于人物形象塑造的演员;"杂剧色"则是伎艺性杂扮段子演员,并不以故事人物形象的塑造为主要目的,且杂剧色是唐代部色制度在宋代进一步发展的结果。

Jiaose originally means resume. After the classical opera was formed, it came to refer to the serf-introduction when characters came onto the stage, thus becoming a technical term of opera performers. However, such a sense has long kept the meaning of resume and become conventionalized till the late Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty. Before that, such types of performers as ＂Moni＂ , ＂Yinxi＂ , ＂Fumo＂ , ＂Fujing＂ and ＂ Zhuanghu＂ in Songjin Zaju were not Jiaose, but Zajuse. The differences lie in the fact that Jiaose is the actors or actresses who help shape the images of the characters in the course of plot development while Zajuse is the performers who skillfully play the role without helping to shape the image of the characters.