中国危险废物集中处置设施建设现状、问题和对策

Construction Status,Problem and Measures of Integrated Facilities for Centralized Treatment and Disposal of Hazardous Wastes

综合性危险废物集中处置设施的建设是实现危险废物安全处置和环境安全目标最根本的保障。本文对《全国危险废物和医疗废物处置设施建设规划》确定的建设项目目前的建设进展进行了全面分析,指出项目建设和运营中存在着布局、工艺技术、废物收集难、运营企业自身能力有待提高以及研发和产业化支撑能力差等五个方面的问题,反思中国过去五年时间里在危险废物和医疗废物处置和管理上取得的经验和教训,提出进一步推进项目建设和"十二五"期间加强危险废物和医疗废物管理的若干建议。

Construction of integrated facilities for centralized treatment and disposal of hazardous wastes is essential to achieve environmentally sound management of hazardous wastes. Based on a thorough review of the implementation progress of the National Program for Hazardous Waste and Medical Waste Disposal Facility Construction, the author has identified 5 major issues associated with the construction and operation of the planned facilities under the program. These include unreasonable layout, improper choice of technologies, difficult collection of waste, inadequate operational capacity of facility owners, and poor technical support from the R＆D community and the industry. The article has also reviewed and summarized good experience and lessons derived from the practical disposal and management of hazardous and medical wastes in the past 5 years, and made recommendations for pushing the facility construction and strengtherring management of hazardous and medical wastes during the 12th Five -Year Plan period.