从大学本科毕业生改行率反思本科教育目的

A Reflection on the Goals of Undergraduate Education Based on the Rate of Job-changing of the Graduates

对全国10个省市进行"大学本科毕业生改行情况调查",统计结果表明,绝大多数本科生在毕业的5年后已经改行,不再从事原来在大学所学专业的工作,这说明大学本科生不再围着专业就业,工作适应性强比专业性强更加重要。因此,本科教育不应该把培养目标界定为培养"高级专门人才",培养"高级专门人才"的任务应该由研究生教育去完成。本科教育的培养目标应该是普通脑力劳动者和为高级专门人才奠定知识与能力的基础,因此,加强通识教育和提高职业技能水平应该成为本科教育的基本目的。

A survey was made concerning the job-changing of the university graduates covering 10 provinces and municipalities in 2002 and 2007. It shows that the majority of the university graduates have changed their jobs five years after graduation. They are no longer engaged in the jobs related to their majors in the university. It reveals that the employment of the university graduates is no longer major-oriented. Adaptability is more important than profession for university graduates. As a result, the goals of undergraduate education should not be defined as training 'senior specialized talents'. Instead, postgraduate education should be responsible for this task. The real goals of undergraduate education should focus on the training of general mental workers and lay a foundation of the knowledge and ability for senior specialized talents. Therefore, it is the basic goal for undergraduate education to strengthen general quality-oriented education and improve professional techniques and skills.