水源切换引起给水管网黄水问题原因分析

Case Study of Red Water Phenomenon in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Caused by Water Source Switch

针对水源切换造成黄水问题的原因开展试验研究.对水源切换前后原水水质进行分析,连续3个月跟踪监测出现黄水问题用户出水水质变化,利用XRD、SEM和EDS对出现黄水问题管段的管垢进行分析.利用试验室模拟反应器,比较不同水质下管材腐蚀速率及管垢铁释放速率.结果表明,水源切换后新水源水化学组分的较大变化,特别是硫酸盐浓度的大幅度增加是引发黄水问题的主要原因.拉森指数从原来的0.4左右增加到1.7-1.9,水源切换后数天内部分管网用户出水出现黄水问题.发生黄水问题地区的管垢致密壳层较为脆弱,在高浓度硫酸盐水质条件下,容易发生溶解破坏.通过反应器模拟试验,对于旧铸铁管,高浓度硫酸盐对管垢铁释放的影响要大于对管材基质腐蚀的影响.拉森指数与铁释放速率具有相关关系,随着拉森指数的增加,铁释放速率升高;对于旧铸铁管,其相关关系为非线性.由于出现黄水问题的管段管垢稳定保护层被破坏,即使随后管网水拉森指数降低到0.6左右,黄水问题仍持续较长时间.

Red water phenomenon occurred in some communities of a city in China after water source switch in recent days. The origin of this red water problem and mechanism of iron release were investigated in the study. Water quality of local and new water sources was tested and tap water quality in suffered area had been monitored for 3 months since red water occurred. Interior corrosion scales on the pipe which was obtained from the suffered area were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and EDS. Corrosion rates of cast iron under the conditions of two source water were obtained by Annular Reactor. The influence of different source water on iron release was studied by pipe section reactor to simulate the distribution systems. The results indicated that large increase of sulfate concentration by water source shift was regarded as the cause of red water problem. The Larson ratio increased from about 0.4 to 1.7-1.9 and the red water problem happened in the taps of some urban communities just several days after the new water source was applied. The mechanism of iron release was concluded that the stable shell of scales in the pipes had been corrupted by this kind of high-sulfate-concentration source water and it was hard to recover soon spontaneously. The effect of sulfate on iron release of the old cast iron was more significant than its effect on enhancing iron corrosion. The rate of iron release increased with increasing Larson ratio, and the correlation of them was nonlinear on the old cast-iron. The problem remained quite a long time even if the water source re-shifted into the blended one with only small ratio of the new source and the Larson ratio reduced to about 0.6.