异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥培养条件研究

Culture Conditions for Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Granular Sludge Formation

以具有好氧反硝化功能的异养硝化菌剂作初始接种物,粉末状活性炭对该菌剂进行预固定,批次进水的方式培养出了异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥,研究了颗粒污泥的培养条件.结果表明,有机负荷、进水水质、曝气量和沉降时间都对异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥的形成发育起着重要作用.模拟废水和猪场废水都可以培养出异养硝化好氧颗粒污泥.在COD负荷4.0 g·（L·d）^-1,氨氮负荷0.212g·（L·d）^-1,曝气量为200 L·h^-1,沉降时间为2.0-4.0 min条件下可形成颗粒污泥.采用葡萄糖为碳源的模拟废水培养颗粒污泥容易引起丝状菌的增殖,导致颗粒污泥沉降性能变差和脱氮功能减退.采用猪场配水能够将丝状菌有效地淘汰出反应器,恢复颗粒污泥沉降性能和脱氮功能,并促进颗粒污泥发育成熟.成熟的颗粒污泥性状稳定,当COD负荷为6.6-8.6g·（L·d）^-1,总氮负荷为0.409-0.474g·（L·d）^-1,氨氮负荷为0.285-0.304g·（L·d）^-1时,颗粒污泥对以葡萄糖为补充碳源的猪场废水的总氮去除率为84.75%~88.33%,氨氮去除率为99.9%以上,COD去除率为97.29%~98.62%.

Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic granular sludge was successfully formed by batch culture method, with the heterotrophic nitrification bacteria with aerobic denitrification abilities as inoculants, and activated carbon powder as pre-immobilizer. The granulation conditions were studied. Results show that organic loading rate, wastewater characteristics, aeration rate and settling time play important roles in the sludge granulation. Heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic granular sludge can grow on both synthetic wastewater and piggery wastewater. Granulation occurred under the conditions of COD loading rate was 4.0g·（L·d）^-1, NH4^＋ -N loading rate was 0.212 g·（L·d）^-1, aeration rate was 200 L·h^-1 and settling time was 2.0-4.0 min. Filamentous bacteria overgrowth was observed when the organic loading rate increasing with synthetic wastewater using glucose as sole carbon resource. It resulted worse settling and denitrifiction of the aerobic granular sludge. When piggery wastewater was used as influent, the filamentous bacteria were disappeared, better settling and denitrifiction of the aerobic granular sludge was regained and the granular sludge was grown up. The grown-up granular sludge showed good stability. And its removal rate of TN, NH4^＋ -N and COD were 84.75 %-88.33 %, over 99.9 % and 97.29%-98.62% respectively when the granular sludge treat piggery wastewater with glucose as additional carbon resource under the loading rates of TN, NH4^＋ -N and COD were 0.409-0.474 g·（L·d）^-1 , 0.285-0.304g·（L·d）^-1 and 6.6-8.6g·（L·d）^-1 respectively.