一起稻田性皮炎暴发的调查报告

Survey of an outbreak of paddy-field dermatitis

目的探讨稻田性皮炎暴发的病因及流行情况,为预防和控制该病的流行提供依据。方法采用问卷和体检调查村民接触疫水和临床表现;采集稻田的椎实螺用直接压片法分离尾蚴;采集村民养殖家鸭的新鲜粪便,分别用水洗沉淀法分离虫卵和毛蚴;解剖当地村民放养的家鸭,用在体肝脏灌注法收集吸虫成虫。结果调查3个乡镇4个行政村,共调查村民427人,有疫水接触史者299人,其中患病235人,罹患率为78.60%,男、女性差别无显著意义(x2=0.0006,P>0.05);各年龄组患病率差异无显著性意义(x2=2.345,P>0.05)。无疫水接触史者128人,均无感染者。主要临床表现为手足皮肤奇痒,伴有红色丘斑疹。稻田的椎实螺平均密度为258个/m2,从椎实螺体内分离到吸虫尾蚴,自然感染率为81.23%(502/618)。结论村民下田劳动感染吸虫尾蚴引起的稻田性皮炎暴发;椎实螺是稻田性尾蚴皮炎的中间宿主。

Objective To explore the outbreak causes and infection situation of an outbreak of paddy-field dermatitis among part of villagers in Dongxiang District of Zixing. Methods Questionnaire survey and physical examination were made. Cereafia from paddy field were collectted ,eggs and miracidium from fresh feces of domestic ducks in local villages were also detected. Adult worms were colleceted from livers of local ducks. Results There 427 villagers in four administrative villages ,three townships were surveyed and 235 patients among the 299 persons exposed to comtaminated water with an incidence of 78.60% .There were no significant differences in incidence in genders （x^2=0.0006,P〉0.05） and age groups （x^2=2.345,P〉0.05）. Skin-itching companion red papules were the main clinical symptoms. Monostome and furocercous cercaria with eyespot and sucker could be found in the field collected limnaea,, the prevalence of them is 81.23% （502/618）. The intermediate host is limnaea. Average density of limnaea in the paddy of epidemic area was 258/m^2. Conclusion The infection of faseiola cercaria is the cause for the outbreak of paddy-field dermatitis . The intermediate host is limnaea.