洋底动力学——国际海底相关观测网络与探测系统的进展与展望

MARINE GEODYNAMICS——ADVANCES AND PERSPECTIVES OF INTERNATIONAL OCEANFLOOR-RELATED OBSERVATORY NETWORK AND EXPLORATION TECHNIQUE SYSTEM

海洋在地球系统中的关键作用已获得了广泛共识。海洋占地球总面积的70.8%,而深海大洋占据海洋约92.4%,因此,洋底更是了解众多地球过程的主要窗口之一。从动力学角度,洋底动力系统可以划分为洋脊增生子系统、深海盆地子系统、俯冲消减子系统和地幔动力子系统。以海洋科学、海洋地质、海洋地球化学与海洋地球物理等高新探测和处理技术、观测网络建设为依托,国际上逐步开始实施一系列不同级别的海底观测网络建设计划,通过大量传感器,侧重探测海底各种大地构造背景各级尺度的结构、构造和过程,以及动力学过程的各个变量要素,监测不同圈层界面和圈层之间的物质和能量交换、传输、转变、循环等相互作用的过程,为了解地球系统变化提供技术保障。

The critical function of the oceans in the earth system has been increasingly understood. The oceans and seas ocuppy 70.8% of the whole surface of the earth. Furthermore, deep seas and oceans make up 92.8%of the oceans and seas. Therefore, oceanfloor is also a window for understanding many processes of the earth. From the view of geodynamics, dynamic system of oceanfloor can be subdivided into midoceanic ridge, deep-sea basin, subductin and mantle subsystems. Many high techniques for exploration and processing in the fields of marine sciences such as marine geology, marine geophysics and marine geochemistry as well as international infrastructures of various scales of ocean observatory networks connecting with many sensors, are employed to reveal, measure, observe and monitor different-scale architectures, structures and processes in different subseafloor tectonic settings and various variables of different geolog ical processes, and transportation, interchange, transition and cycling of materials and energy on different interfaces or between different spheres. These techniques can help scientists understand change of the earth system.