城轨车辆车轮损伤问题研究

Research of wheel tread damage problem of mass transit vehicles

城轨车辆以其方便、快捷的优点在大型城市的公共交通领域发挥着越来越大的作用.但是,在给人们带来方便的同时,城轨车辆的噪声问题也给沿线居民增添了很多烦恼.实际运行经验表明,当车轮踏面损伤后,轮轨噪声会不可避免地增大,良好的轮轨关系是降低城轨车辆噪声的根本途径.本文针对国内某城轨车辆在实际运行中出现的车轮踏面损伤问题进行研究,发现该车辆的轮对在运行一段时间后,在轮对踏面与轮缘的交接处就会有大量鱼鳞状剥离出现,并同时伴有车体的垂向振动加大的现象.结构分析发现,车体与构架间的牵引杆长度较小,当轮对受到较大的垂向冲击时,会导致车体与构架形成刚性连接.仿真分析发现将牵引杆两端改为大的橡胶关节连接后,可显著改善车辆的垂向动力学性能,同时,这也有利于缓解车轮的损伤情况.

Mass transit vehicles play a more and more important role in the public transit zone of the big city with the virtue of being expedient and fast. At the same time, it also engenders noise to the people along the line. Real running experience shows that the wheel/rail noise maybe increases when the wheel tread is damaged, better wheel/rail, contact geometry can decrease the wheel/rail noise. Wheel tread damage problem of one of the civil mass transit vehicle is researched in this paper, and it is found that after running a period, certain subway vehicle wheel sets present many scale spallings on the intersection of tread and flange; at the same time, the vertical acceleration of car body turns big when the wheel tread damages. Structure analysis finds that the traction rod between car body and frame is short; when wheel sets receive big vertical impulse, stiff connection between car bodies and frames comes into bcing. By changing the two ends of the traction rod with strong rubber joints, the vertical dynamic behavior of the vehicle is improved, and this also does favor to decrease the wheel tread damage.