内质网应激在肝脏疾病发病机制中的作用

Role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathogenesis of liver diseases

内质网是细胞内蛋白质、脂类和糖类的重要合成基地,是细胞内钙离子的储存场所,与物质运输、物质交换、解毒作用密切相关。内质网应激是一种细胞的重要自我防御机制,持久强烈的内质网应激可引起细胞不可逆的损伤甚至凋亡。肝细胞中含有大量的内质网,许多肝脏疾病如病毒性肝炎、酒精性肝病、药物性肝炎、非酒精性脂肪肝等的发病机制均与内质网应激有关。本文从内质网应激的诱发因素、内质网应激反应的各个阶段及其对各种肝脏疾病的影响等方面作一综述。

Most of proteins, carbohydrates and lipids are synthesized in endoplasmie retieulum（ER）. ER is the main storage place of intracellular calcium and is closely related to material transportation, exchange and detoxication. Endoplasmic retieulum stress （ERS） is a self-defence mechanism, but strong and long-lasting ERS leads to irreversible ceil injury. ER is rich in hepatic cells. Many liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, alcohol liver disease, drug-induced hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases are related to ERS. This review addressed many aspects including ER physiological function, inducing factors of ERS, each stage of ERS and effect of ERS on various liver diseases.