长江流域小麦地方品种农艺性状多样性分析

Agronomic Characters Diversity of Wheat Landraces from Yangtze River Valley

为了发掘可供湖北省小麦育种利用的优异遗传资源，以长江流域的477份小麦地方品种为材料，对其农艺性状表现进行考察和分析，并对不同生态区之间小麦地方品种的农艺性状进行了比较。结果表明，长江流域小麦品种农艺性状存在丰富的遗传变异：植株总体偏高，平均为122．10cm，变幅为67～160cm，变异系数达15．14％；小穗数较少，平均为19个，变幅为11～28个，变异系数为14．13％；穗粒数平均为34粒，变幅为7～62粒，变异系数为25．25％，部分材料穗粒数较多，大于60粒；播种到抽穗平均156d，变幅为140～175d，变异系数为4．16％；千粒重水平中等，平均为37．12g，变幅为15．72～57．66g，变异系数达21．56％。从这些地方品种中可筛选出一些单一农艺性状优良的材料。多重比较结果表明，7个生态区地方品种的农艺性状间，主穗长、主穗小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重差异不显著，其余性状差异显著。

The agronomic characters of 477 wheat varieties from Yangtze River valley in Hubei province were evaluated by analysis of variance, correlation, and principle component in order to discover helpful traits to fit into Hubei environment and provide helpful information for the genetic improvement of wheat. The result indicated that higher variation in the agronomic characters was observed among those accessions of Yangtze River valley. On the average, plant height of all materials was 122.10 cm（range 67～160 cm, CV 15.14%）, the number of spike was 19 （range 11～28, CV 14.13%）, the grain number per spike was 34 （range 7～62 grain, CV 25.25%） and some materials was more than 60, the sowing-heading duration was 156 days（range 140～175 d, CV4.16%0） and the 1000-grain weight was 37.12 g（range 15.72～57.66 g, CV 21.56%） . A few landraces can be selected based on their single agronomic characters. Performance of agronomic traits of wheat landraces from 7 different eco-regions show that there weren＇t significant differences, but there were in every eco-region. The correlation analysis result indicated that there were 20 pairs of characters with significant correlations by simple correlation analysis.