氮肥基追比对淮北地区超高产小麦产量和品质的影响

Effect of Basal /Topdressing Nitrogen Ratio on Yield and Quality of Super-high-yielding Wheat in Huaibei Area

为探讨淮北地区小麦超高产栽培适宜的氮素运筹技术，在2006—2008年，以强筋小麦济麦20、烟农19和中筋小麦皖麦50为材料，在超高产（公顷产量9000kg以上）栽培条件下，研究了氮素不同基追比例对小麦产量、品质及植株养分含量的影响。结果表明，在每公顷施纯氮307．5～322．5kg（其中化肥氮270kg）、基追比例10：0～4：6范围内，济麦20、烟农19和皖麦50的籽粒产量、穗粒数、千粒重均随拔节期追氮比例的增大而递增，并与此期追氮比例呈极显著简单直线正相关或二次曲线相关；蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值等品质指标均随拔节期追氮比例增加而提高。烟农19和皖麦50的植株体内含氮量随生育进程而渐降，分蘖期最高，成熟期降至最低。以上结果说明，淮北地区小麦实现超高产栽培的氮素运筹方式以氮肥总量的40％～50％基施、50％～60％拔节期追施为宜，传统的氮素“一炮轰”运筹方式难以达到9000kg／ha的超高产水平。

From 2006 to 2008, in order to explore nitrogen application techniques on super high-yielding wheat cultivation in Huaibei area, researches have been carried out on the effect of the proportion of different nitrogen-based fertilizer to quantity, quality and nutrient content in the plants, with strong gluten wheat Jimai 20, Yannong19 and Wanmai 50 in the condition of ultra-high-yielding cultivation （with more than 9 000kg/ha）. The results showed that if the ratio of basal and topdressing nitrogen ranged from 10 - 0 to 4： 6, with 307.5 - 322.5kg nitrogen per hectare （among which 270 kg nitrogen from chemical fertilizer）, the grain yield, grain number, weight of 1000 grain of Jimai 20, Yannong 19 and Wanmai 50, increased with more nitrogen applied in the jointing stage, and showed a significant and positive correlation or quadratic curve correlation. In addition, quality indexes, such as protein, wet gluten, sedimentation value also improved in the same condition. The nitrogen content in the plants of Yannong19 and Wanmai 50 became lower with the growing process, with the maximum at the tillering stage and the minimum at the mature stage. In conclusion, the most appropriate way of nitrogen application techniques on super high-yielding wheat cultivation in Huaibei area is that to applye 40%- 50% nitrogen as the basal and to apply 50%-60% nitrogen at jointing stage. On the other hand, it was difficult for the traditional ＂one- off＂ way to achieve yield level of 9000 kg per hectare.