土壤肥力与施氮量对小麦籽粒品质的影响

Effect of Different Soil Fertility Levels and Nitrogen Application Rate on Wheat Quality

为给小麦优质栽培提供理论依据,以淮麦19和烟农19为材料,在高、中、低三种土壤肥力下研究了施氮量对小麦品质指标的影响。结果表明,在各土壤肥力水平下,小麦籽粒的容重、千粒重和出粉率均随着施氮量的增加呈下降趋势,且均与施氮量存在显著的负相关关系;籽粒蛋白质含量随施氮量增加而显著提高,但蛋白质产量与施氮量在高、中肥力下均呈二次曲线关系,在低肥力下则呈线性关系,蛋白质产量在高肥力条件下最高,在低肥力条件下最低。小麦籽粒淀粉含量及其组分在各肥力水平下均表现为随施氮量增加呈下降趋势,淀粉RVA特征值在中肥力条件下最优,在高肥力条件下最差;小麦面团流变学参数在各肥力下均表现为与施氮量呈正相关关系,并且高肥力的评价值高于中肥力和低肥力的。

Took Huaimai 19 and Yannong 19 as materials, the effects of nitrogen rates on grain quality of wheat under high, middle, low soil fertility were studied. The results showed that there was significant and negative linear correlation between nitrogen rate and grain test weight, wt. per 1000 kernels, milling yield. Protein content increased significantly with N increased, that there was a quadratic regression equa- tion between nitrogen rate and protein yield under high and middle fertility soil, but there was a linear cor- relation under low fertility soil. Starch content in wheat and its components decreased with increasing ni- trogen application rate in different soil fertility. The RVA profile of wheat flour was best in middle soil fertility, and was worst in high soil fertility. There was linear and positive correlation between nitrogen rate and farimograph index of wheat flour, and the valorimeter value of high soil fertility was higher than that of middle, low soil fertility.