燕麦素的生物合成及应用前景

Advance of Study in Biosynthesis of Avenacin

燕麦素是燕麦抗全蚀病的决定因素。为给小麦抗全蚀病新品种培育提供参考信息,本文对燕麦素的结构和作用、燕麦素的生物合成途径及燕麦素生物合成研究成果的应用进行了系统综述。燕麦素的生物合成是通过异戊二烯途径实现的。在氧化酶、糖基转移酶及其他生物合成酶的参与下,2,3-环氧角鲨烯环化形成三萜齐墩果烷型基本骨架,经过氧化、取代、糖苷化等多种生物转化合成燕麦素。利用燕麦素生物合成途径的研究成果,采用酶调控和转基因的方式可以促进农作物品种改良和全蚀病高抗品种的选育。

Avenacin plays a critical role as determinant of plant ＂take-all＂ disease resistance. It is synthesised via the isoprenoid pathway by cyclization of 2,3-oxidosqualene to give primarily oleanane triterpenoid skeletons. The triterpenoid backbone then undergoes various modifications such as oxidation, substitu- tion, glycosylation and other reactions, mediated by oxygenases, glycosyltransferases and other enzymes. A more detailed understanding of the biochemical pathway involved in avenacin biosynthesis will facilitate the development of crop varieties with highly resistance to take-all disease through enzyme regulation and gene transformation.