浅谈中国传统工笔人物画风格及技法的演变

Some Ideas about the Development of Styles and Techniques of Traditional Chinese Meticulous Drawing of Figures

中国传统工笔人物画随时代环境及观念的差异而呈现多重的风格,先秦两汉奠定了以线为造型手段的基础。魏晋南北朝时期由简略变为精微,注重"传神"及心理描写,以及意境的追求,技法已趋成熟,风格多样。隋唐五代人物造型极具时代特征,呈现出写实的风格,技法达到了炉火纯青的地步。两宋时期出现了新的风貌,白描淡彩是其独特的风格。元明清由于文人画的兴起受到排斥贬低而趋于衰落。直到20世纪中叶,工笔人物画才得到了复苏、繁荣和发展。

The foundation of modeling by means of lines was laid during the period from pre - Qin to the Han Dy- nasty. During the period from Wei and Jin Dynasties to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, it developed from sketchy modeling to meticulous modeling, laying stress on the vividness and the psyehological description of the figure, and on the pursuit of artistic conception. Techniques tended to mature. Styles were various. The modeling of figures during the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties was full of the characteristics of the times, presenting a style of figure portraying. Techniques attained a high degree of perfection. In the Northern Song and Southern Song Dynasties, the traditional ink and brush line -drawing became the unique style. But during the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, because of the appearance of paintings by scholars and ofiqcials, such a style of painting was discriminated against and deliberately underestimated and as a result was falling into decay. Not until the middle of the 20th eentury, the meticulous drawing of figures began to develop and became prosperous.