保护地桃蚜种群时空动态与防治对策

Spatial-temporal population dynamics of Myzus persicae on greenhouse peaches and suggestions for its control

连续两年调查北京地区保护地蟠桃和油桃桃蚜[Myzus persicae(Sulzer)]春季种群动态,结果表明:(1)保护地桃蚜源于上一年保护地内的越冬种群;(2)种群时间动态可分为发展、剧增、大发生和衰退4个阶段;(3)种群空间动态呈现出由保护地南侧向北侧、从树冠上层往中下层逐渐转移的发生趋势;(4)桃蚜发生量在保护地南侧多于北侧,树冠上层多于下层;(5)有翅蚜在种群剧增和衰退阶段大量出现。据此建议:(1)夏、冬季节不宜套种十字花科蔬菜等寄主植物;(2)冬季剪枝、清园,降低越冬蚜虫数量,在向阳处设置草垛诱集和保护越冬天敌,提高保护地内越冬天敌数量;(3)3月重点防治保护地南侧和树冠上层等温度回升快的方位;(4)5月下旬有翅蚜大量出现后,种群将迅速衰退,无需化学防治;(5)研究有翅蚜在防治中的指示作用。

Spatial-temporal population dynamics of Myzus persicae （Sulzer） on greenhouse peaches were studied from March to June in 2006 and 2007 in Beijing. The results showed that （1） the spring aphids were the offsprings of overwintering ones in greenhouse but not migrants from outside （2） The development of the aphid population could be divided into four stages as followed： developing stage, sharply increasing stage, outbreak stage and decline stage （3） There was a tendency that aphids transferred from the southern part of greenhouse to the north and from upper crown to the lower layers. （4） The population density in south part of the greenhouse and in the upper crown were higher than those in the north and in the middle and lower canopy, respectively, and （5） massive alate aphids emerged in the developing stage and sharply increasing stage Suggestions for aphid control and further study were given： （1） host plants are not encouraged to intercrop in winter and summer. （2） Measures should be taken in winter to reduce the number of overwintering aphids and to protect overwintering natural enemies in the greenhouse （3） The emphasis of green peach aphid control should be directed to southern part of the greenhouse and upper crown in March. （4） It is not necessary to use aphidicide after late May because the aphid population will decline naturally after massive emergence of alate aphids and （5） it is worthy to further study the density of alate aphids as a control indicator.