生物油的性质及其分离研究进展

Research progress in the separation and purification of bio-oil

综述了蒸馏、萃取、层析、膜分离、超临界萃取等技术在生物油分离方面的研究进展情况。介绍了常减压蒸馏主要用于生物油的粗分,且受到生物油热敏性的限制;分子蒸馏在生物油的分离方面具有一定的优势。溶剂萃取存在着萃取剂与被萃组分分离困难的缺点,且萃取选择性较差;选择或设计具有特定结构的化合物与生物油中的某种或某些组分作用,进而将其萃取分离是未来的一个研究方向;色谱分离可以高效地将生物油的主要成分分离出来,但吸附量小,适合于生物油成分的定量分析和高附加值化合物的提取与纯化。超临界CO2萃取可有效地克服生物油的热敏性,无需反萃,具有潜在的开发优势。开展生物油分离的基础性研究和多种技术的集成化是未来的重要研究方向。

The recent research progress in bio-oil refining is reviewed, including distillation, solvent extraction, chromatography, membrane separation and supercritical extraction. Distillation under ambient or reduced pressure can be used in bio-oil separation, while it suffers from a problem in the thermal sensitivity of bio-oil. On the other hand, molecular distillation is more suitable for the bio-oil refining. Some species can be extracted from bio-oil via solvent extraction, while the major disadvantage of which is the difficulty in the separation of solvent with the extract（s） as well as the low extraction selectivity. Exploring or exploiting peculiar extracting agents with specific functional groups, which can uniquely interact with the desired component in bio-oil, might be an interesting research topic in the future. Chromatography can effectively separate and purify bio-oil, but its low throughput makes it only suitable for high value-added compounds. Supercritical CO2 extraction is potentially a good way in refining bio-oil due to its nearby ambient operation temperature. In addition, supercritical CO2 extraction does not need a process of back-extraction. Fundamental research and integrated technique exploitation for bio-oil refining may be important research topics in the future.