地理作用和集聚演化:基于数据挖掘的分析

Geographic Effects and Agglomeration Evolution: A Data-mining Analysis

经济集聚是工业社会中一种普遍存在的地理现象。它可以发生在不同的地理层面上,具有多种空间组织结构。在回答地理是否会影响集聚演化的问题上存在着两种不同的观点。其一是认为良好的地理环境将有助于经济集聚的产生,并且地理作用在其发展过程中持续存在;其二是认为地理仅是集聚形成的一个触发因子,其发展可以依赖纯经济因素而不是比较优势。本文运用数据挖掘技术,将演化时段分成集聚形成和集聚发展二个阶段,从另一个角度详细分析这两种观点。研究结论表明,集聚的形成受到自然地理要素的影响比经济地理要素要大。但经济地理要素对集聚增长具有显著的作用,经济因素和交通因素是集聚规模增加的关键所在,而自然地理因素作用被削弱了。

Economic agglomeration is a common geographical phenomenon in the industrial society. It occurs in different scale of geography, and has a variety of spatial structures. There are two opinions about the geographical effects on urban evolution. One is to believe that geography plays an important role in the formation and development of cities. The other is to view the economies of agglomeration as the driving factor, where geography simply determines urban locations. To explore the opinions mentioned above, this paper uses the data mining techniques to examine the relationships between urban location and geography in the formation and development of agglomeration. It can be found that the emergence of industrial agglomeration is more influenced by the first-nature geography than by the second-nature geography, but the first-and-a-half-nature geography and second-nature geography as well largely influence the development of economic agglomeration.