马克思主义的意识形态范畴

Category of Ideology in Marxism

在马克思恩格斯看来,意识形态既属于社会存在和社会意识,又同时不属于这两者,更准确地说,它是在这两者之间进行联系的中介。作为一种历史地形成的思维图式,意识形态不再是思维本身,而是构成调节思维与存在之间关系的一种具有惰性的"实体"。由于意识形态蕴含在符号和语言之中,因此,结构主义以及阿尔都塞的马克思主义把意识形态作为一种永恒存在的前提。

From the viewpoints of Marx and Engles, ideology may belong to both social being and social consciousness, and yet be isolated from them. To put it more accurately, ideology functions as the media of the two. As a historically developed schema of thought, ideology is no longer viewed as thought itself, but an inert and negative ＂substance＂ that regulates thinking and being. Since ideology is reflected in symbol and language, it is considered to be a permanent pre- condition by structuralism and Althusserian Marxism.