我国优秀游泳运动员上肢力量测试与分析

Measurement and Analysis of Upper Limb Strength of Swimming Elite in Our Country

采用文献资料法和测试法,对国家游泳队优秀运动员上肢进行专项力量测试与分析。结果表明:采用肌电测试运动员陆上专项模仿动作,可观察运动员在专项力量练习时各相关肌群的肌肉力量水平和比例分布情况;通过滑轮拉力模仿蛙泳运动员上肢划臂动作的肌电测试,可观察运动员肌肉发力的顺序和技术动作的合理性,并发现各自肌群的力量现状及问题;通过不同负荷的两组高拉动作测试蝶泳运动员的上肢力量,可反映随负荷增加肌肉参与运动的纤维数量增加的趋势。提出不同运动员在选用同一练习手段时,应考虑承受负荷问题;在肌力测试中应考虑运动员自身的体重,相对力值的评价更能反映专项水平。

Using the methods of literature and measurement, it made a measurement and analysis of upper limb specific strength of six swimmers of the Chinese National Swimming Team. The results reveal that testing swimmers＇ land mimic specific movement with EMG can observe the muscle strength level of relevant muscle groups and distribution of muscle strength ratio of swimmers in doing specific strength exercises; EMG test in pulley exercise to imitate arm stroke of breaststroker can be used to observe the working order of swimmers＇ muscle and the reasonableness of their technical movements and find the present strength condition of each muscle group and problems existed; the measurement of butterfly strokers＇ upper-limb strength with two groups of different high-load pull actions can reflect the trend of that the number of work-participating-in muscle fibers increases with the increment in load. It put forward that when selecting the same practice for different specific swimmers, it＇s necessary to take it into full account that the load must be suitable for athletes, while in the test of muscle strength, it＇ s necessary to consider swimmers＇ body weight and the evaluation of relative force value can better reflect swimmers＇ specific level.