马铃薯试管微型薯在广西岩溶大石山地区的发展潜力研究

Development potential of potato microtuber in karst mountain area in Guangxi

在广西大化县七百弄乡进行马铃薯试管微型薯(MT)与普通种薯(CT),以及与当地主要作物玉米的产量比较试验。结果表明,MT作种薯的生育期较CT的长;马铃薯的商品薯数不受种薯类型的影响;CT和MT作种薯的两年平均产量分别为38450和26300kg/ha,分别是2006年全国马铃薯平均产量的259%和177%;MT作种薯的商品薯鲜重和干重分别是CT的69%和71%;以CT和MT作种薯种植的马铃薯商品薯折干产量1999年分别为6400和4300kg/ha,等于或高于当年8个玉米新品种的平均产量,2000年分别达7500和5600kg/ha,等于或高于当年8户农民的玉米高产示范田平均产量。因此,在广西岩溶大石山地区可以利用MT作种薯来发展马铃薯生产,并可利用该地区作为秋冬种马铃薯的种薯生产基地。

The present study has been conducted to compare the yields of potato microtuber （MT： 1-3 g）, conventional seed tubers （CT： about 40g） and maize in Qibainong Township, Dahua County, Guangxi, during the year 1999 to 2000. MT and CT of potato mid-maturity cultivar ＂Xifeng＂, eight new varieties and one traditional variety of maize have been planted, and the plant growth and tuber yield of potato and the yield of maize were analyzed. The results showed that the potato growing period （from emergence to physiological maturity） was longer in MT plants than in CT plants. The yield of potato was not affected by potato seed tuber type. The marketable potato tuber fresh yield of CT and MT plants averaged 38450 kg/ha and 26300 kg/ha, respectively, and were 259% and 177% of the average fresh yield of potato in China in 2006, respectively. The marketable potato tuber fresh and dry yields of MT plants accounted for 69% and 71% of CT plants, respectively. The marketable potato tuber dry yields of MT and CT plants were 6400kg/ha and 4300kg/ha, respectively, and were equal to or higher than the average yield of that eight new maize varieties in 1999. The marketable potato tuber dry yields of MT and CT plants were 7500kg/ha and 5600kg/ha, respectively, and were equal to or higher than the average maize yield of eight farmers in a high-yield model demonstration in 2000. The data from the study revealed that MT might be used as an alternative seed tuber source for potato production in Karst mountain area. Also, seed tubers can be produced in Karst mountain area.