《理性和革命》中的个体与共同体概念

The Concept of Individual and Community in Reason and Revolution

马尔库塞在《理性和革命》一书中分析了黑格尔的政治哲学,强调了黑格尔和马克思政治哲学的一致性。他认为,共同体高于个体和社会,但是共同体中的批判和否定的要素则是由个体的批判本性所注定的;通过个体的批判、否定的实践,"自由人的联合体"这一新型共同体才能得以实现;而以孔德为代表的实证社会学则强调了对现状的肯定思维和个体对共同体的绝对服从,这就使得实证社会学成为法西斯主义的来源。

In his Reason and Revolution,Herbert Marcuse analyzes Hegels political philosophy and focuses on the coherence of Hegel and Marx.He points out that community is prior to individuals and society,but the critical and negative elements in community are determined by the critical characteristics of individuals;through individuals’ critical and negative practices,people could achieve ＂unity of free human-beings＂ as a new kind of community;nevertheless,positive sociology with August Comte as representative insists on the positive thought of the present situation and individual’s absolute submission to community,which makes itself one of the sources of fascism.