清代科举与《文选》接受

The Influences of Imperial Examinations upon the Reception of Wen Xuan in Qing Dynasty

清代科举在以经义为中心的总体框架下为诗赋考试留下了一定的空间,这为《文选》在清代的接受提供了新的驱动力量。康熙十八年以诗赋为考试内容的博学鸿词科产生了巨大的"右文"效应,在这个历史机遇中,《文选》重新为举业群体所重视;到康熙中期,已经出现了"天下向风"、"家弦户诵"的火暴局面。乾隆二十二年开始的在各级考试中加试试帖诗的改革标志着文学考试的内容由制科走进常科;在此推动下,《文选》成为试帖诗考试的题库和人所争趋的举业宝典,《文选》的接受由此进入极盛期,历嘉庆而不衰。《文选》在清代刊刻和流行的基本情况印证了这一点。

The imperial examinations in Qing Dynasty,which are focused on the Confucian doctrines,still leave some room for the test of poetry,thus relaying to some extent the poetry-centered tradition of the imperial examinations before the fourth year of Xining Period of Song Dynasty and serving as a fresh spur for the reception of Wen Xuan in Qing Dynasty.In the late years of Ming Dynasty and the early years of Qing Dynasty,Wen Xuan has its role as a popular literature textbook,replaced by the Eight Masters’ Selected Works of Tang and Song Dynasties and is consequently badly accepted.The irregular examination for learned and grand masters,which is first launched in the eighteenth year of Kangxi Period with poetry as its only content,produces the great influence of ＂patronizing literature＂.In this favorable situation,Wen Xuan gets valued again by the candidates for the imperial examinations.In the middle Kangxi Period,there arises the hot trend of ＂the entire nation admiring Wen Xuan＂ and ＂every family reciting Wen Xuan＂.The reform of adding the imperial poetry to all the regular examinations indicates that literary content has been expanded from the irregular examination to the regular examination.As a result,Wen Xuan functions as both the likely source of the imperial poetry and the valuable textbook for all the imperial candidates;the reception of Wen Xuan reaches a high tide and does not decline until the Jiajing Period.The publishing and prevailing trend of Wen Xuan provides a reliable proof for the above conclusions.