掺杂对WCu电触头材料电弧特性的影响

Effect of doping on electrical arc characteristic of WCu electrical contact materials

利用粉末冶金技术制备出分别掺杂0.3%B、2.0%Nb和1.5%Ce(质量分数)的WCu电触头材料,采用高速摄影技术和抗电弧烧蚀实验探讨不同掺杂元素对钨铜电触头材料电弧特性的影响。结果表明:真空击穿时,WCu电触头材料的电弧演化过程可以分为起弧、稳定燃烧和灭弧3个阶段;掺杂0.3%B、2.0%Nb和1.5%Ce的WCu电触头材料的电弧寿命比未掺杂的长,截流值小;等离子云体积大,颜色浅,在样品表面燃烧区域大,电弧分散,燃弧能量分散;电弧燃烧稳定,无放射状光芒。含有掺杂元素的WCu电触头材料的抗电弧烧蚀性能均得到明显改善;其中最明显的为WCu-B电触头材料,其抗烧蚀性能提高了近30%。

The WCu electrical contact materials containing 0.3%B, 2.0%Nb and 1.5%Ce （mass fraction） were produced through powder metallurgy technology. The electrical arc characteristic of different doping elements on the electrical arc characteristics of WCu electrical contact materials and commercial WCu electrical contact alloys were researched by high-speed camera and arc erosion experiment. The results show that the evolution of arc discharge can be divided into arc forming, steady burning of arc and attenuation. Compared with the WCu alloys without doping elements, the WCu alloys with doping elements have the characters, such as longer time for arc formation, shorter time for arc stable burning and larger volume and lighter color of plasmas plumes. The arc is dispersed and stable, and the burning area on the sample surface is bigger. The anti-welding ability of the WCu alloys with doping elements is greatly improved. The best one is WCu-B alloys with anti-welding ability increased by about 30%.