工作中付出-回报失衡与高校教师自评健康关系

Association between Effort-Reward Imbalance at Work and Perceived Health Functioning among University Staff

目的探讨职业紧张（付出-回报失衡）与高校教师自评健康的关系。方法运用中文版的付出-回报失衡问卷对云南省某综合大学在职教师1216名（男583名，女633名）进行职业紧张测评，同时采用简明健康状况调查问卷对教师生理、心理健康状况进行调查。结果调整了相关因素后，低工作回报、高内在投入均与男女教师的不良心理健康状况相关联（P〈0．01）。付出一回报失衡不仅与男教师的不良心理健康状况呈正关联（OR=2．88；95％CI：1.85～4．48），而且与女教师的不良生理健康状况和不良心理健康状况均呈正关联，OR值分别为2．07（95%CI：1．30～3．28）、2．62（95％CI：1．66～4．15）。在高外在付出-低回报状态下，如教师的内在投入过多，其出现不良健康状况的风险将比内在投入低的教师增加。结论职业紧张（付出-回报失衡）与高校教师自评健康状况相关联，尤其当内在投入过多，同时又处于高外在付出-低回报状态时教师出现不良健康状况的风险明显增加。

Objective To examine the association between job stress （effort-reward imbalance）and perceived health functioning among university staff. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1216 （men 583,women 633）university staff. The job stress was measured by the Chinese validated Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire. The short-form health survey questionnaire was applied to assess perceived physical and mental health functioning. Results After adjustment for relevant confounding factors, low reward and high overcommitment were associated with poor mental health functioning among both men and women. The condition of high effort low reward was related to poor mental health functioning in men（OR： 2.88;95 % CI： 1.85~4.48）, and related to both poor physical and mental health functioning in women（OR= 2.07,95% CI： 1. 30-3.28：OR=2.62~95% CI：1.66~4. 15）, respectively. Furthermore, among subjects with high effort and low reward mismatch, the risk of poor health functioning was higher in those with high overcommitment than those with low overcommitment. Conclusions The results show that job stress（effort-reward imbalance） is associated with perceived health functioning. In particular, the findings also indicate excessive risks of poor perceived well-being in over-committed staff suffering from high effort-low reward condition at work.