基于智能体仿真的无功市场力分析

Analyses on Market Power in Reactive Electricity Markets Employing the Agent-based Simulation

在无功市场的规划和设计阶段,潜在的市场力是一个必须认真考虑的重要问题。现有的无功市场力评估指标大都只考虑了电力系统的技术特征,没有考虑市场参与者的策略性投标行为。在此背景下,提出了基于智能体代理的市场仿真方法以研究无功市场中参与者的博弈行为,其中采用了模仿者动态算法来模拟参与者追求利润最大化的理性行为。发展了计及发电机强制(免费)无功出力要求的统一价格竞价模式和按报价结算竞价模式,并利用得到的结算电价计算无功市场力指标,即无功价格成本裕度指标。最后,以CIGR32节点系统为例说明了所述方法的基本特征。算例分析结果表明:在统一价格结算模式下,潜在的市场力比按报价结算模式下更为严重。

Market power in a potential reactive electricity market at planning and design stage has been regarded as a vital problem for its negative effect on the efficient operation of the market. Up to now, research work on the evaluation index for market power in the reactive electricity market has been mainly based on technical characteristics of a power system, and the strategic bidding behavior of market participants is not taken into account. Given this background, an agent-based market simulation framework is presented for analyzing the gaming behaviors of reactive power suppliers and the resulting market power of participants. The replicator dynamics algorithm is utilized to simulate the agents＇ rational behavior for profit maximization. Two mathematical models, in which the mandatory reactive power requirement is not/is imposed for reactive power suppliers, are respectively developed for describing the uniform-price auction and pas-as-bid （PAB） auction in a reactive electricity market. The market power is then analyzed by employing the well-known price cost margin index. The CIGRE 32- bus system is used for numerical studies. Simulation results demonstrate the essential features of the developed model and method, and that reactive market power in the uniform-price auction is more significant than that in the PAB auction.