不同组合NaHSO_3对赤霞珠葡萄光合性能及贮藏营养的影响

Effects of different mixed sprays of NaHSO_3 on photosynthesis and nutrient storage of Cabernet Sauvignon

本文以赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)为试材,研究了叶面喷施NaHSO3及其与氮、增糖剂、钾、钙的组合对葡萄生长的影响。结果表明,所有处理均能显著提高光合能力,其中以NaHSO3+增糖剂处理后光合速率增效最好,峰值比对照高58.8%;其次NaHSO3处理比对照提高51.1%,其它组合峰值分别比对照高34.1%～45.2%。喷施NaHSO3处理叶片的荧光参数NPQ、ETR、Fm、Fv/Fo和ФPSⅡ峰值分别比对照提高208.7%、149.5%、82.8%、72.8%和40.9%。成熟期测定果实含糖量,以NaHSO3+增糖剂效果最好,比对照提高10mg/L,其次是NaHSO3+Ca(NO3)2、NaHSO3+KH2PO4;不同组合,NaHSO3+增糖剂及NaHSO3+尿素处理能够显著增加枝条淀粉含量,NaHSO3+KH2PO4能够显著增加根系中淀粉含量,NaHSO3+尿素组合能够显著增加枝条和根系中蛋白质和氨基酸含量。综合来看,生长期喷布2～3次的NaHSO3各种组合、特别是NaHSO3+增糖剂能够明显改善叶片光合性能,提高果实含糖量和枝条及根系的C、N贮藏营养。

The effects of different mixed sprays of NaHSO3 with nitrogen, sugar-increase-agent, potassium and calcium, used as foliar fertilizers on the growth of Vitis vinifera cv.＇ Cabernet Sauvignon＇ , were studied. The results indicated that all treatments could increase the leaf photosynthetic capacity, among which the combination of NaHSO3＋sugar-increase-agent could increase the Pn most obviously with the peak value that was 58.8% higher than that of the control. The treatment of only NaHSO3 could do very well too and the Pn peak value was 51.1% higher than that of the control. The Pn peak values from the other treatments were 34.1% to 45.2% higher than that of the control. Spraying NaHSO3 had the best effect on NPQ, ETR, Fro, Fv/Fo, ФPSⅡ, which were 208.7%, 149.5%, 82.8%, 72.8%, 40.9% higher than those of the control. Spray of NaHSO3＋sugar-increase-agent could increase the sugar content 10mg/L higher than that of control, followed by NaHSO3＋Ca（NO3）2 and NaHSO3＋KH2PO4. The treatments of NaHSO3＋sugar-increase-agent and NaHSO3＋urea, and NaHSO3＋KH2PO4 significantly increased starch content in shoot and root. The NaHSOa＋urea combination significantly increased protein and amino acid content both in shoot and root. In general, spraying 2 to 3 times of NaHSO3 with nitrogen, sugar-increase-agent, potassium, and calcium during grapevine growing season could significantly improve the photosynthetic performance, sugar content of fruit and C, N nutrient storage in grapevine shoot and root, and the mix of NaHSO3＋sugar-increase-agent could do the best.