传统政治结构中的儒家知识分子

The Role of Confucian Scholar-bureaucrats in Traditional Political Structure

"道义担当精神"这一共同特质使西方近代以来的知识分子和儒家士大夫可以联系起来考察。道尊于势,道统高于政统。士志于道,儒家知识分子代表人民,不断批判、抗议现实的政治权威,缓和了君主与人民的对立和冲突,对传统政治结构起到了稳定作用,形成中国的开明专制。秦汉以来的中国历史,表现为这两种政治主体的协调和冲突的循环。

By analyzing the meaning of ＂undertaking of Dao and justice＂, we can compare the class of modern Western intellectuals with that of Confucian scholar bureaucrats. Dao is superior to the tendency, Confucian succession is therefore superior to political tradition. Devoting to Dao, Confucian scholar bureaucrats are able to constantly criticize and protest the actual authority of politics on behalf of ordinary people. Their criticizing and protesting indeed contribute to the formation of ancient China＇s enlightened despotism in the sense that their efforts alleviate the conflicts between people and emperor and stabilize the traditional political structure. Chinese history, since Qin Han dynasty, has appeared a circle of conflicts and coordination between these two political subjects.