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第三代头孢菌素——头孢地尼在血清及肺腔隙间的分布 被引量:1

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摘要 孢地尼是一个新的广谱、口服有效半合成头孢烯,与头孢克肟有类似的结构,只是以一个肟基-氨基噻唑侧链取代了7位上的羧基甲氧基肟基部份,此结构出现在大多数口服有效的头孢菌素中,这个结构妨碍了分子进入TEM-1 β-分内酰胺酶活性部位,从而增加其对革兰阳性细菌的活性.头孢地尼在体内对链球菌,包括肺炎链球菌有杀菌作用,其活性居氨苄西林与头孢克洛之间.头孢地尼对甲氧西林敏感金葡球菌有很高的活性,其对青霉素结合蛋白亲和力高于头孢克肟、头孢克洛或头孢氨苄.并对流感嗜血杆菌(包括产β-内酰胺酶菌株)、肺炎克雷伯菌、粘膜炎莫拉菌及一些其它革兰阴性菌,包括产β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌有活性,但对铜绿假单胞菌或洋葱假单胞菌无作用,对厌氧杆菌的一些种有作用,但对类细菌属的一些菌无作用.对常见呼吸道病源菌的MIC_(90) 值见表1.与其它一些头孢菌素类相反,头孢地尼对革兰阴性及革兰阳性细菌的抗生素后效应极为明显.基于其肟基侧链的作用,也像头孢克肟一样对许多青霉素酶(包括TEM-1、TEM-2及SHV-1酶)及头孢菌素酶非常稳定,因此,适用于慢性支气管炎急性发作、细菌性肺炎、上呼吸道感染、单纯性尿路感染、皮肤及软组织感染的治疗.1993年Pruul等证明,当有明显小于MIC_(90)浓度的头孢地尼存在时,被吞噬的?
作者 东羽
出处 《国外医药(抗生素分册)》 CAS 1998年第6期443-444,169,共3页 World Notes on Antibiotics
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