航天器异常与空间环境

STUDY ON SPACECRAFT ANOMALY CAUSED BY SPACE ENVIRONMENT

本文研究考查了靠近或在地球同步轨道上的SCATHA、TDRS-1卫星以及GPS、GOES卫星组等的各自10年左右运行时间中，空间环境所导致航天器异常的发生率的年分布特征、月分布特征、地方时分布特征以及不同类型的发生率分布特征．结果表明：由于不同空间环境因素对航天器作用不同，引起异常类型不一样．因此，太阳长周期和短月、地方时周期活动对航天器异常发生率影响无简单的统一规律特征；长周期中的单粒子事件是由银河宇宙线的重离子引起，太阳质子事件不重要；空间环境研究和预测在对航天器异常的分析、判断和预测、防护中是非常必要的．

In this paper, about 10 years dare of the spacecraft anomaly caused by space environment for the satellites (including SCATHA, TDRS-1, GPS and GOES) running near or on geosynchronic orbits are analyzed. For these anomaly, their yearly, monthly, hourly in local bine as well as different anomaly type distribution characters are studied respectively. The result shows that diversified space environment causes various types of spacecraft anomaly due to its different effects on spacecraft. (1) No general character exists for effects of long-term and/or short-term solar activities on spacecraft anomaly. (2) From a view of long-term, SEUs are mainly caused by heavy ions from galactic cosmic ray and solar proton event is not important to SEUs. (3) The study and prediction about space environment are very important and necessary to analysis, recognition, prediction and shielding for spacecraft anomaly.