转型期中国的“三农”危机与社会性别问题——基于全球化视角的探究

Three Rural Crises and Gender Issues in Transitional China——An Exploration Based upon Globalization Perspectives

始于20世纪70年代末,改革与开放在中华大地同步铺开,中国随之逐渐汇入了当今势不可挡的全球化进程。社会性别同"三农"中的每个农都密不可分。由于两性地位、角色、责任的不同,农村妇女应对"三农"危机的机会和挑战有别于男性。"三农"危机及其应对举措对两性也有截然不同的影响。然而在迄今有关"三农"的研究、干预和政策中,社会性别从未被当做一个亟待关注的现实与政策问题。大量宏观统计数据与微观实证事实皆表明,中国融入全球体系所引致的结构性变化加剧了"三农"危机,而"三农"困境又强化了社会性别不平等和不公正。乡村许多社会性别问题已成为全球化与地方性"三农"问题交汇的一个投影,折射了社会性别同地区、城乡、财富、年龄等权力等级之间错综复杂的交互作用。

Since the end of 1970s,the reform and opening-up have been unfolding simultaneously in China. As a result,China has increasingly integrated into globalization. Gender closely related to agriculture,rural areas and farmers. Due to divergent status,roles and responsibilities between men and women,rural women's opportunities and challenges of copying with the three rural problems are different from their male counterparts,so are the impacts of the three rural crises and the copying strategies on both sexes. However,the research,interventions and policies associated with agriculture,rural areas and farmers have not yet treated gender as a pressing practical and policy issue. Numerous macro statistical data and micro evidence indicate that structural changes stemming from China's integration into the global system have intensified the three rural crises,which in turn have reinforced gender inequality and equity. Many gender issues in rural China become a reflection of the interplay of globalization and localized three rural problems,indicating the complex interactions among gender and other power relations of region,rural/urban division,wealth,and age.