胎膜早破发生率及对胎儿健康危害的调查研究

An investigation of impacts of premature rupture of membranes on fetal health

目的在调查胎膜早破发生率的基础上，探讨胎膜早破可能对胎儿造成的不利影响。方法回顾性调查2003年1同．2007年12月5年间在北京妇产医院等6家医院每年的分娩总数及胎膜早破例数，计算胎膜早破发生率；计算各医院胎膜早破组与无胎膜早破组在早产发生率方面的差异；统计与胎膜早破相关的胎儿疾病及围产儿死亡等情况。结果调查结果显示，胎膜早破的发生率为19．53％；胎膜早破组与无胎膜早破组比较，胎儿宫内窘迫的发生率分别为14．02％和6．71％，新生儿窒息的发生率分别为15．00％和7．63％，早产发生率分别为11．20％和5．96％，围产儿病死率分别为15．47‰和7．28‰，经比较差异均具有统计学意义（χ^分别为32．26、34．56、994．62、4．15，均P〈0．05）。结论胎膜早破是孕产妇常见并发症，胎膜早破严重地危害了胎儿的健康，显著增加了围产期合并症的发生率及新生儿死亡率。

Objective To investigate impacts of premature rupture of membranes （PROM） on fetal health. Methods The data of pregnant women from 5 special hospitals and one general hospital in China's Mainland over a 5 period from Jan. , 2003 to Dee. , 2007 were investigated retrospectively. The total incidence rate of PROM and differences in incidence rate of premature delivery between PROM group and non-PROM group in each hospital were caculated. The fetal diseases and mortality of perinatal infants associated with PROM were investigated. Results The incidence rate of PROM was 19.53%. The incidence rate of fetal distress was 14.02% in PROM group and 6.71% in non-PROM group, the incidence rate of neonatal asphyxia was 15.00% in the PROM group and 7.63% in the non-PROM group, the incidence rate of premature labor was 11.20% in the PROM group and 5.96% in the non-PROM group, the incidence rate of perinatal mortality was 15.47%v in the PROM group and 7.28%o in the non-PROM group, and there were all significant differences between the two groups （χ^2 = 32.26, 34.56,994.62, 4.15 respectively, all P 〈 0.05 ）. Conclusion PROM is a common pregnancy complication. It could affect many aspects of health of fetus seriously and increase incidence of perinatal complications and neonatal mortality rate.