游侠及游侠文学三论

Some Comments on Knight and Knight Literature of Ancient China

游侠是历史的产物。游侠的理念显现出所产生时代的思想烙印,即其侠义行为以及报恩、复仇之举,均源自原始儒家、原始墨家学说。于是,游侠显现出儒的侠化,侠的墨化,儒家节操,墨家行为。侠风、侠骨伴随儒教对东汉整整一个时代的社会风尚的潜移默化作用,从而夯实了后世绵延不绝的游侠文学发展的基础。曹植的游侠诗,既是咏怀诗的先声,也是边塞诗的先声。而咏怀诗又孕育着李白儒、仙、侠合一的诗作。文人之所以酷爱游侠,出自诗人对人格尊严的追求,以及憧憬与宣泄心态的外化。这一心态,一定程度地左右着作家的文学个性风格的形成。

Knights are a result of history. In the knight idea we can recognize the ideological brand of the times. Their errantry activities and behaviors of repaying an obligation and vengeance come from the original Confucian and Mohist theories. By this way, we can observe knight- featured Confucianism, Mohist -featured knights Confucianism moral integrity and Mohist activities. Knight＇ s style and integrity exert a subtle influence on the formation of social fashion throughout the whole East Han Dynasty, by which lay a solid foundation for the continuous development of knight literature. Cao Zhi＇ s poems on knights are the first signs for both poems of one＇ s heart and frontier poems. From poems of one＇ s heart, Li Bai writes poems with a combination of Confucianism, celestial beings and knights. Literati ardently love knights because they pursue the dignity of personality, and they want to express their longing and unbosom themselves. Such a mind will influence the formation of a writer＇ s personal literary style to some extent.