北京市西城区学龄前儿童气质特点调查分析

An investigation and analysis of temperament characteristics of preschool children in Xicheng District of Beijing city

目的了解北京市西城区学龄前儿童气质特征，指导家长及幼教人员合理养育，防止儿童心理行为问题的发生。方法采用中国儿童气质问卷测查量表，对600名3—7岁儿童进行调查分析。结果北京市西域区儿童的主要气质类型分别为：易养型（41．2％）、中间偏易养型（36．7％）、困难型（9．7％）、中间偏难养型（7．1％），启动缓慢型（5．3％）。不同性别儿童气质维度中，男童较女童活动水平、适应性、情绪本质、坚持性高（t值分别为5．135、3．970、2．102、3．479，均P〈0．05），女童反应阈较男童高（t=-2．344，P〈0．05）。不同气质类型分布之间性别比较无显著性差异（χ^2=5．900，P=0．207〉0．05）。不同年龄儿童气质维度比较，活动水平随年龄增加而降低。结论应重视学龄前儿童的气质测评，早期发现困难型气质儿童，对其进行早期干预。

Objective To investigate temperament characteristics of preschool children in Xicheng District so as to guide the parents and kindergarten staff to rear the children reasonably to prevent development of behavioral and psychological problems of children. Methods 600 children aged 3 - 7 years were surveyed with Chinese Children＇ s Temperament Questionnaire Scale. Results The proportion of children with different temperament types in the this district was 41.2% for easy type and 36.7% for intermediate low child type, 9.7% for difficult type and 7. 1% for intermediate high child type and 5.3% for slow-to-warm up type of temperament. In gender dimensions of child temperament, the boys showed higher activity level, adaptability, emotion and persistence （t = 5. 135, 3. 970, 2. 102, 3. 479, respectivel, all P 〈 0.05 ） , while the girls showed higher reaction threshold （ t = - 2. 344, P 〈 0.05 ）. There were no significant gender differences in distribution of all temperament types （χ^2 = 5. 900, P = 0. 207 〉 0.05） . The activity level in temperament dimensions of the children decreases with increase in age of the child. Conclusion The assessment of temperament characteristics of preschool children should be paid more attention. Only this, those children with difficult type of temperament could be identified early and intervened early.