孕妇营养状况与早产关系的研究进展

Progress in research on relationship between maternal nutritional status and premature labor

早产是引起围生儿死亡常见和主要的原因之一。一般认为早产与母体的营养状况密切相关，孕妇孕前身体质量指数和孕期体重的增加都是评价孕期营养状况简单、可靠、实用的指标。消瘦的孕妇更容易发生自发性早产，肥胖的孕妇医源性早产的危险性增加，且早产率受孕期体重增加的影响。孕妇营养状况与早产之间关联的机制尚不清楚，推测可能与宫颈长度、微量元素缺乏、贫血、炎症和感染、宫缩频率等因素有关。

Premature labor is one of the most common and major reasons of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Studies havd proved a strong association between premature labor and maternal nutritional status. Maternal pregestational body mass index （ BMI ） and body weight gain during pregnancy are simple, reliable and practical indices to estimate maternal nutritional status. Those lean pregnant women are more likely to experience spontaneous premature labor, while those obese pregnant women have an increased risk of iatrogenic premature labor. Moreover, the incidence rate of premature labor is influenced by body weight gain of women during pregnancy. Mechanisms of realationship between premature labor and maternal nutritional status remain unclear. Maybe they are related to cervical length, lack of microelements, anemia, inflammation, infection and frequency of uterine contraction.