上游法尾矿库溃坝事故致因分析及安全管理技术研究

Safety Management Technique and Accident-causing Analysis of Dam-failure in Upstream Tailings Pond

尾矿库是一种高势能的人造泥石流源,一旦发生溃坝事故,将严重威胁到库区下游居民的生命及财产安全。针对我国中小型上游法尾矿库数量多、安全度水平低以及发生事故的复杂性、多样性等特点,对导致上游法尾矿库溃坝事故发生的各路径进行分析、研究,同时根据各路径建立事故树分析模型,应用布尔代数法计算得出最小割集,确定导致溃坝事故发生的各基本原因事件结构重要度;最后,结合生产实际,提出了保障上游法尾矿库安全运行的综合管理技术措施。该研究结果可以为矿山企业在尾矿库日常管理过程中制定合理的安全防范措施提供参考,从而有针对性地消除各种事故隐患。

Tailings pond is one of human-caused mud-rock flows with high potential energy. It would bring huge harms to the peripheral environment of a district and downstream inhabitant＇s lives and properties when tailings pond ＇s paroxysmal accidents happen. Aiming at the larger quantity of small and medium-sized tailings pond, the lower safety level, furthermore, and diversified and uncertain causes in accidents, this article makes a summary on the characteristics of tailing pond related to accidents in China, from which a systematic research is conducted on the dam-failing path. Using fault tree analysis （FTA） method constitutes a correlation model, accordingly, the accident of dam break in upstream tailings pond is studied by applying FTA that can obtain minimum cut sets and structure importance degrees. Furthermore, in combination with production practice, this paper provides a lot of safety management techniques to ensure the upstream railings pond safety operation, which could supply a valuable reference so as to eliminate each kind of accident hidden dangers and enhance the management level.