东西方本体论差异的地理环境因素探析

The Onto Logical Differences of the Geographical Environment Between the East and the West

法国启蒙哲学家孟德斯鸠曾经阐发过"地理环境决定论"的思想,认为地理因素在民族心理、气质、宗教信仰和政治制度等各方面具有决定作用,这种认识的偏颇在于没有认识到人类社会内部矛盾的决定作用。俄国较早出现的马克思主义者普列汉诺夫则认为,地理环境在生产力发展的不同阶段对社会的作用是不同的,越是在人类社会的早期,人对自然的依赖性就越大,地理环境的决定作用也就越大。无论是东方还是西方的哲学对本体论的探讨和追问,都发生在人类社会的早期阶段,故而对本体论的追问在很大程度上受到当时所在地理环境因素的制约。海德格尔认为,西方传统哲学一直走着一条追问"存在着"的道路,而忽视了"存在"本身;而中国哲学则不然,中国哲学是直面"存在"本身的,东西方本体论的差异就在此处显现出来了。这种差异和不同来源于当初地理环境因素的不同,从地理环境因素思考东西方本体论的差异,可以得出许多很有价值的思想。

France enlightenment philosopher Montesquieu had once elucidated ＂geographic conditions determinism＂ thought,believing that geogen had the decisive effect in the fields such as national psychology,qualities,religious belief and regime,which narrow-mindedness lies in inneglecting the the effect of internal contradiction in human society.Plekhanov,an earlier Russian Marxist,believed that the effects of geographic conditions are diverse in different stages of productive forces in the early age,and the effect of geographic conditions is crucial.The discussion of ontology in the west or the east occurred in the early age of human society, so the environmental factor at that time is crucial. Haidegeer believed that the west philosophy just laid stress on＇beings＂,other than＂being＇, Chinese philosophy,however, stressed the ＂being＇,which makes their difference.This difference and diversity originate from the original diversity of geographical feature.Considering the difference about ontology in East and West from geographical feature environmental factor, we can obtain a lot of valuable thoughts.