晚清学人“国史”观念的演变与影响

The Changes and Effects on the Conception of National History in the Late Qing

19世纪末20世纪初,在剧烈的时代变局中,传统史学经历了个别史事丧失意义乃至整体遭遇否定的过程。同时,受西方史学观念影响,"国史"被赋予更重要的价值和责任。但是,清末的少数几种"新国史"均未完成。晚清学人既未能勾勒"国史"发展的整体脉络,也未能明确区分传统文化中的有益成分和腐朽成分。面对强势的西方文化,一般国民缺乏清晰的"国史"认识以安定心志,全面反传统主义思潮得以产生和发展。

In the late 19th and the beginning of 20th century,traditional historiography met great challenges.It was not only historical case losing its meaning in daily life,but also the whole traditional historiography turning to be negative.Meanwhile,on the influence of western history conception,the Chinese national history regained its important position.But all the few textbooks on national history published in the first ten years of the 20th century were unfinished.So,the late Qing scholars could not give a clear clue on the national history development, nor could they differentiate the good and the bad among the tradition. Facing the strong western culture, the common people have not a definite national history understanding so that they didn＇t know how to deal with tradition, especially what should maintain and what should give up. Then, it made the trend of whole-sided anti-tradition be possible.