当代中国自杀及自杀行为流行病学特征及干预

Epidemiological Features and Interventions of Suicide and Suicidal Behavior in Contemporary China

自杀是重要的公共卫生问题。中国农村自杀率高于城市,女性自杀率高于男性,但预计未来男性自杀率将超过女性。与西方国家相比,自杀者精神患病率较低。推测自杀行为与自杀一样,为女性发生率高于男性,其中自杀未遂率农村高于城市;但与自杀不同的是年轻人发生率高于老年人。自杀行为的发展过程并非连续性的。自杀行为与冲动性密切相关。未来自杀的预防工作应将青少年、年轻成人和老年男性作为重点对象,并限制自杀工具尤其是农药的易得性、降低自杀工具的致死性,同时应关注农民工人群。

Suicide is an important public health problem. The rate of completed suicide in rural areas is higher than urban areas,and is higher in females than males across China,however,it＇s estimated that the rate of completed suicide will be higher in males than females in the future. Compare with the western countries,the percentage of mental diseases patients in suicide people is lower in China. As to suicidal behavior, it is estimated that the rate of suicidal behavior is higher in females than males ,and the rate of attempted suicide in rural areas is higher than urban areas,which is the same with completed suicide. The rate of suicidal behavior is estimated to be higher in the young than the elder,which is different from completed suicide. The development of suicidal behavior is not a continuous process. Suicidal behavior connects closely to impulsivity. In the future prevention work of suicide, emphasis should be put on adolescent, young adults and old males. We should also restrict the availability of pesticide and lower its lethality. Besides, we should pay attention to migrant workers.