166例新生儿窒息的相关因素分析及对策

Analysis on correlation factors and strategies of asphyxia neonatorum (166 cases)

目的探讨发生新生儿窒息的相关因素及防治措施。方法选择我院产科近4年来发生新生儿窒息的病例资料,对新生儿窒息与相关因素的关系进行回顾性分析,并提出相应的防治措施。结果本组3565例分娩中,发生新生儿窒息166例,窒息率为4.66%。与新生儿窒息相关的产科因素中,以胎位及产程异常居首位,占30.12%,最少为多胎妊娠,占2.41%。自然分娩与剖宫产的新生儿窒息发生率明显低于阴道助产者(χ2=23.20,P<0.01;χ2=29.39,P<0.01),而自然分娩与剖宫产两者差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.53,P>0.05)。结论新生儿窒息的发生与多种产科因素及分娩方式密切相关;加强围产期保健和产程监护,正确处理产程,提高助产和复苏技术,选择适当的分娩方式,是降低新生儿窒息率的有效措施。

[Objective] To explore the correlation factors and preventive and curative measures of asphyxia neonatorum. [Methods] The clinical data of these cases in which asphyxia neonatorum occurred in our hospital in recent 4 years, were chosen for a retrospective analysis on the relatonship between asphyxia neonatorum and its correlation factors and for the correct preventive and eurative measures. [ Results ] Asphyxia neonatorum occurred in 166 of 3565 cases who underwent parturition （4.66%）. In the obstetrical factors of asphyxia neonatorum, the first place was abnormal fetal position and birth process （30.12%） and the last one was multifetation （2.41%）. The incidence of asphyxia neonatorum of spontaneous delivery and uterine-incision delivery was lower than that of transvaginal midwifery with statistical significance （X＇-=23.20, P 〈0.01; X2=29.39, P 〈0.01）. There was no statistical signiticanee between spontaneous delivery and uterine-incision delivery in the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum （X2=2.53, P 〉0.05）. [ Conclusion ] Close relationship exists between asphyxia neonatorum and many obstetrical factors and parturition styles. The effective measures of lowering the incidence of asphyxia neonatorum include emphasizing perinatal health care and monitoring birth process,managing the birth process correctly, improving transvaginal midwifery and resuscitation technique and choosing optimal parturition styles.