拉瓦锡的酸理论

Lavoisier's Theory of Acid

拉瓦锡的酸理论一般认为是历史上第一个比较系统的酸理论,是化学革命的重要组成部分。拉瓦锡对氧化做过四个等级的划分,酸属于第二、三、四氧化度。以往的研究中对第四氧化度概念产生的过程和背景较为忽视。本文回顾了拉瓦锡的酸理论,并重点考察了1785-1787年拉瓦锡和贝托莱的研究工作,对第四氧化度概念产生的过程和背景进行一个较为全面的分析。拉瓦锡的酸理论虽然取得了很大的进步,但也有着很多的错误与局限性。这主要是因为氧化学说与燃素学说的理论预设与推理规则是基本相同的。

Lavoisier's theory of acid is commonly accepted as the first systematic theory of acid.In Traité élémentaire de chimie,four degrees of oxygenation in which acids are in the second,third and fourth degree was compartmentalized by Lavoisier.The emerging process and background of the concept 'the Fourth Degree of Oxygenation' was somehow ignored in previous studies.This paper introduces Lavoisier's theory of acid and focuses on the comprehensive analysis of the emerging process and background of the concept 'the Fourth Degree of Oxygenation'.Although Lavoisier's theory of acid was a great progress,it had a lot of mistakes.It 's because the theoretical presuppositions and abduction rules of oxygen theory and phlogiston theory are similar.