厦门市交通主干道绿化带结构及其减噪效果研究

Effect of the Construction of Green Belts on the Attenuation of Traffic Noise along the Urban Trunk Roads in Xiamen City

通过对厦门市主干道绿化带种类结构调查以及噪声测定等,分析了厦门市主干道绿化带结构及其减噪效果。结果表明,厦门市主干道绿化带可分为4种结构:单一乔木型、乔木+疏灌木/绿篱型、乔木+密灌木型以及乔木+小乔木+灌木/绿篱型,带宽多在4～10m。厦门市主干道绿化带总体减噪能力为0.93～12.96dB,绿化带对交通噪声超标治理率达70%。绿化带减噪能力y(dB)与带宽x(m)呈显著的线性关系:y=1.2251x+0.2416(R2=0.8603);绿化带的附加衰减与总衰减亦呈显著正相关:y=0.4535x+0.2698(R2=0.9242),噪声的附加衰减主要受绿化带结构的影响,上述四种结构对噪声附加衰减平均值分别达0.93、2.25、4.43和6.72dB。绿化带的宽度和结构均是影响其减噪效果的关键因素。

Through site investigation and noise monitoring, the effects of the construction of green belts along the urban trunk roads in Xiamen Island on the attenuation of noise has been studied. The results show that the construction of green belts along the trunk road can be divided into four kinds of types as bellows： type Ⅰ, single arbor; type Ⅱ, arbor ＋ shrub; type Ⅲ, arbor ＋ sub-arbor and type Ⅳ, arbor ＋ sub-arbor ＋ shrub. Their width varied among 4-10 m. The noise-reducing ability （y, dB） of the green belts varied from 0.93 to 12.96 dB with various belt widths （x, m）, and can be expressed as following： y=1.2251 x＋0.2416. Meanwhile the additive attenuation of traffic noise （y, dB） presents a closely linear relationship with the total noise-reducing ability （x, dB） as following： y=0.4535x＋0.2698 （R^2=0.9242）. Meanwhile, the additive attenuation of traffic noise is main affected by the constructions of green belts, which reached 0.93, 2.25, 4.43 and 6.72 dB, respectively for the above four kinds of construction types. It shows that the width and construction of green belts play the same important role to reduce the traffic noise.