制革化学品的生物降解特性研究(Ⅰ)——加脂剂的可生物降解性

Biodegradation of Leather Chemicals(Ⅰ):Biodegradability of Fatliquors

基于活性污泥处理,对制革生产中6种典型加脂剂(硫酸化牛蹄油、硫酸化蓖麻油、硫酸化鱼油、卵磷脂、氯化石蜡和烷基磺酰氯)的生物降解特性进行了系统研究。研究发现,硫酸化牛蹄油、硫酸化蓖麻油、硫酸化鱼油和卵磷脂易于生化处理,能够被活性污泥高效降解;然而活性污泥不能降解氯化石蜡和烷基磺酰氯,特别是烷基磺酰氯还会抑制污泥的生物降解活性。结果表明,从环保角度考虑,制革生产中应优先使用硫酸化牛蹄油、硫酸化蓖麻油、硫酸化鱼油和卵磷脂等类型加脂剂,而应减少或限制使用氯化石蜡和烷基磺酰氯。

The biodegradation behaviors of six kinds of fatliquors have been researched including sulphated castor,sulphated neatsfoot oil, sulphated fish oils, lecithin, chlorinated paraffin and alkyl sulfonyl chloride. It was found that activated sludge can degrade effectively four of them except chlorinated paraffin and alkyl sulfonyl chloride, so it is suggested that these four kinds of fatliquors are suitable for leather processing concerning their environmental friendliness. However, the two other kinds of fatliquors, chlorinated paraffin and alkyl sulfonyl chloride, cannot be degraded by activated sludge and the presence of alkyl sulfonyl chloride in wastewater will restrain the activity of the activated sludge,which indicates that these two kinds of fatliquors should be limited in use.