γ线与HPM复合照射致小鼠脾脏损伤的形态改变和图像分析研究

Damaging effects and image analysis of γ-ray irradiation combined with high power microwaves on mouse spleen

目的定量比较γ线、S波段高功率微波及γ线与HPM复合照射后小鼠脾脏损伤病理变化的差异。方法216只昆明小鼠分为4组,对照组、微波组(50 mW/cm^2)、射线组(5.5 Gy)、复合组(5.5 Gy+50 mW/cm^2),分别用γ线(^(60)Co)、S波段高功率微波及HPM与γ线复合照射。于辐照后6 h、1 d、3 d、7 d、14 d、28 d、90 d分批活杀,取脾脏组织,分别进行组织学观察和图像分析。结果γ线、S-HPM及复合照射均造成小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞损伤,并均经历凋亡与坏死、再生修复及基本恢复等阶段,损伤在照后6 h即开始出现,照后1～3 d损伤最重,照后7 d开始恢复,28 d后基本恢复正常。γ线组和HPM及复合组照射后小鼠脾淋巴细胞出现凋亡坏死改变,主要的损伤效应表现为脾小体的面积、面密度减小;单个脾小体内淋巴细胞的数量减少,周密度减小;HPM照射后脾淋巴细胞典型的凋亡坏死改变程度较轻微,主要以巨噬细胞增多为表现,脾小体形态未见明显变化。上述变化以复合照射组最重,其次为γ线组,HPM组最轻,对照组无明显损伤。结论γ线和微波照射均可影响淋巴细胞的生长、增殖、凋亡和坏死,微波与γ线复合照射对淋巴细胞的损伤效应较单纯γ线照射组及微波组为重,其损伤特点主要表现为γ线效应,微波在一定程度上加重了γ线的损伤。

Objective To compare the radiation damages in mouse spleen induced by γ -rays, high power microwaves and both of them. Methods 216 KM mice were divided into the following four groups ： normal control, microwave（ S frequency range ,50 mW/cm^2 ） irradiation,γ - ray irradiation （5.5 Gy）, and combined γ - microwave irradiation （ 5.5 Gy ＋ 50 mW/cm^2 ） groups. The spleen tissues were resected under anaesthesia after irradiation for 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, 28 d, and 90 d separately. The morphologic changes were observed under light microscope and the images were analyzed in CMIAS. Results The main pathological changes were apoptosis - necrosis, death, regeneration and recovery phase. Apoptosis and necrosis occurred at 6 hours after irradiation, regeneration and recovery occurred at 7 - 28 d after irradiation. Injurious effects on spleen cells were found in γ - ray irradiation group , S - HPM group and combined γ- microwave irradiation group. The decreases in area and area density were observed in spleen bodies, the number of lymphocyte cells reduced, and the circumference density of cells lessened. The pathological changes were more obvious and the recovery was slower in combined γ- microwave irradiation group. The injury in S - HPM group showed the increase of macrophages. Conclusions Microwaves and γ- rays both affect the growth, proliferation, apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes. The injurious effect of compound T ＋ S - HPM irradiation is more serious than that of any single radiation on lymphocytes. The major characteristics of injury are manifested as γ- ray effect, and microwaves aggravate the injurious effect of γ - rays to some degree.