ω_3多不饱和脂肪酸和牛磺酸对大鼠脑神经发育的影响

EFFECTS OF ω 3 POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS AND TAURINE ON RAT BRAIN DEVELOPMENT

目的：探讨ω３多不饱和脂肪酸和牛磺酸对大鼠脑神经发育是否存在协同的促进作用。方法：将断乳仔鼠随机分成４组（Ⅰ）正常对照组（ＮＧ）、（Ⅱ）ω３多不饱和脂肪酸组（ω３Ｇ）、（Ⅲ）牛磺酸组（ＴＧ）、（Ⅳ）牛磺酸＋ω３多不饱和脂肪酸组（Ｔω３Ｇ）。以大鼠学习行为、脑干听觉诱发电位（ＢＡＥＰ）及突触定量分析作为检测脑神经发育的指标。结果：１．Ｔω３Ｇ大鼠主动回避反应习得率（ＡＡＲＲ）明显高于ω３Ｇ及ＴＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔω３Ｇ、ω３Ｇ及ＴＧ均高于ＮＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１，其中ω３ＧｖｓＮＧＰ＜０．０５）。２．Ｔω３Ｇ大鼠脑干听觉诱发电位Ⅰ～Ⅴ波峰间期（ＩＰＬ）与ω３Ｇ及ＴＧ相比无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５），但呈缩短趋势；Ｔω３Ｇ、ω３Ｇ数目与ω３Ｇ及ＴＧ比较显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０１）；Ｔω３Ｇ、ω３Ｇ及ＴＧ突触数目均高于ＮＧ（Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：１．ω３多不饱和脂肪酸是突触体膜中磷脂酰乙醇胺的主要成分。２．牛磺酸作为神经调节因子，调节突触形成的电活动，促进突触形成。３．ω３多不饱和脂肪酸可促进神经细胞对牛磺酸的摄取。上述因素互相协同，增加了Ｔω３Ｇ大鼠海马突触数目，在功能上有促进大鼠脑神经功能发育的趋势，在行为上表现为大?

Objective: To explore whether ω 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids can cooperate with taurine in facilitating rat brain development. Methods: Weaning rats were divided randomly into four groups. Ten rats each group: (Ⅰ) Normal control group (NG), (Ⅱ) ω 3 polyunsaturatd fatty acids supplemented group (ω 3G), (Ⅲ) Taurine supplemented group (TG). (Ⅳ) Taurine and ω 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplemented group (Tω 3G). The shuttle box was used to measure the ability of learning and memory of rats. Brain stem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) and synapse quantitative measurement were served as an index of rat brain development. Results: (1) Active avoidance response rate (AARR) was siginficantly higher in Tω 3G rats (64%) than in ω 3G (45%) and TG (47%) rats (P<0.01); which of these groups was all significantly higher than that of NG rats (25%) (P<0.01, except ω 3G vs NG P<0.05). (2)The interpeak latency Ⅰ～Ⅴ wave of brain stem auditory evoked potential was not significantly shorter in Tω 3G rats than in ω 3G and TG rats (P>0.05). However, there was an shortening tendency in the former. The interpeak latency Ⅰ～Ⅴ wave of BAEP of these groups was all significantly shorter than that of NG rats (P<0.01) (3)Synapse numbers in the hippocampal CA 3 region were significantly increased in Tω 3G rats than in TG and ω 3G rats (P<0.01), which of these three groups was all significantly higher than that of NG rats (P<0.01). Conclusion: (1) ω 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are important components of the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction of the synaptosomal membranes. (2) Taruine as a neuromodulator may regulate electrical activity and thus facilitate the formation of synapses. (3)Membrane of neural cell enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids can facilitate taurine uptake. These three factors can enlarge synpase number in the hippocampal CA 3 region, and therefore facilitate learning and memory in Tω 3G rats and make them show an improving tendency in the development of rat brain function. ω 3 Polyansturated fatty acids can cooperate with taurine in facilitating rat brain development.