云南省农村不同民族高血压患病现状及影响因素的比较分析

Comparative Study on Ethnic Difference in Prevalence and Influencing Factors of Hypertension in a Rural Area of Yunnan Province

目的对云南省农村汉族、纳西族和白族村民高血压的患病率、知晓率、控制率、治疗率及影响因素进行对比分析。方法在云南省丽江市古城区采用随机抽样的方法对1 483名35岁以上村民通过问卷调查和血压测定获取高血压的患病资料:并应用二分类Logistic模型分析影响高血压患病的因素。结果汉族、纳西族和白族高血压的患病率分别为32.3%、27.5%和27.2%;知晓率分别为12.1%、9.3%和9.5%;控制率分别为35.9%、31.6%和30.2%;治疗率分别为10.4%、8.2%和7.0%。三个民族高血压的患病率均是男性高于女性。汉族女性高血压的知晓率、控制率和治疗率均高于纳西族和白族女性。三个民族中,年龄越大者、男性和有家族高血压史者患高血压的可能性越大(年龄的OR值分别为1.05、1.03和1.04;性别的OR值分别为0.59、0.63和0.56;家族高血压史的OR值分别为2.14、2.26和1.94)。在纳西族中,吸烟者比不吸烟者患高血压的可能性更大(OR值为1.51)。结论丽江市古城区三个民族的知晓率、控制率和治疗率均较低。应在纳西族和白族女性中加大高血压的预防和治疗等知识的宣传工作,在纳西族中开展戒烟的健康教育,以降低高血压对人群健康的危害。

Objective To compare the ethnic difference in the incidence rate, the awareness rate, the control rate, and the treatment rate of hypertension and its influencing factors in a rural area of Yunnan Province. Methods Cluster sampiing method was used to select representative samples of 1,483 residents aged 35 years and over from Gucheng District of Lijiang, Yunnan Province. Information related to hypertension and risk factors was obtained from a questionnaire survey and blood pressure measurement. The data were analyzed using binary Logistic regression. Results Inthe study area, the incidence rates of hypertension for Hah ethnic, Naxi ethnic minority and Bai ethnic minority were 32.3 %, 27..5 %, and 27.2 %, respectively; the awareness rate, the control rate, and the treatment rate of hypertension were 12.1%, 35.9 % and 10.4 % for Hah ethnic, 9.3%, 31.6% and 8.2% for Naxi ethnic minority, and 9..5%, 30.2% and 7.0% for Bai ethnic minority. Males had higher morbidity rate of hypertension than that of females for all three ethnics. Among females, Hah ethnic had higher rates of awareness, control and treatment of hypertension than other two ethnic minorities. Elderly, males and adults who had family history of hypertension were more likely to be hypertensive among Hah, Naxi and Bal people. On the other hand, adults who were current smokers were more likely to be hypertensive among Naxi people （OR = 1.51）. Conclusions The awareness rate, the control rate, and the treatment rate of hypertension are lower among three ethnic people in the Study area. It is necessary to enhance the education of prevention and treatment of hypertension for the females of Naxi and Bai ethnic minorities, and to advance the health promotion of quitting smoking among Naxi ethnic minority, so as to reduce the prevalence of hypertension.