302例晚期早产儿围生期并发症分析

Clinical Analysis of Perinatal Period Complications in 302 Late Preterm Infants

目的探讨晚期早产儿围生期并发症的发生情况,为防治并发症提供依据。方法分析本院出生的302例胎龄满35周而不足37周的晚期早产儿围生期各种并发症的发病率,并与同期出生的胎龄满37周而不足42周的足月新生儿302例进行比较。结果302例晚期早产儿中出现了一个或二个以上并发症者246例,发病率为81.5%,其中75例出现了二个以上并发症,占24.8%。并发症发病率顺位为:病理性黄疸(44.4%)、感染性肺炎(21.5%)、低血糖症(12.6%)、新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(NRDS)(8.3%)、吸入性肺炎(5.0%)、败血症(4.3%)。晚期早产儿组病理性黄疸、感染性肺炎、低血糖症、NRDS及败血症发病率高于足月新生儿组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。晚期早产儿感染率(25.8%)及呼吸系统疾病发病率(34.8%)均高于足月新生儿组(P<0.01)。结论晚期早产儿易合并多种围生期并发症,其发病率高,应引起临床高度重视,及时进入儿科或新生儿科监护,发现问题及时处理,可降低其并发症发病率。

Objective To investigate the perinatal period complications of late preterm infants, and to provide the evidence for complications prevention. Methods A retrospective study of 302 late preterm infants with gestational age 〉 35 weeks and 〈 37 week and 302 term infants with gestational age 〉 37 weeks and 〈 42 weeks was performed in Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Hunan Province. Results Two hundred and forty- six late preterm infants had complications during perinatal period, with the incidence rate of 81.5 %, among them, 75 cases had more than one complication （24.8 % ）. The incidence rates of pathologic jaundice, infectious pneumonia, hypoglycemia, respiratory distress syndrome of newborn （NRDS）, aspiration pneumonia, and septicemia were 44.4%, 21.5%, 12.6%, 8.3%, 5.0% and 4.3%, respectively. The percentages of pathologic jaundice, infectious pneumonia, hypoglycemia, NRDS, and septicemia in late preterm infants were significantly higher than those in term infants （P〈 0.05 or P〈 0.01）. The late preterm infants had higher rates of infectious diseases （25.8 % ） and respiratory diseases （34.8 % ） as compared with term infants （P〈 0.01）. Conclusions Late preterm infants have more complications during the perinatal period, and therefore need more clinical attentions. The incidence rate of complication could be reduced by timely monitoring and timely management in department of pediatrics and department of neonatology.