儿童注意缺陷多动障碍与微量元素锌、铅关系

Relationship Between Children's Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Levels of Zinc and Lead

目的检测注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童血液中微量元素锌、铅的水平,探讨ADHD与锌和铅的关系。方法在本地区儿童健康检查中,我院采用原子吸收分光光度法测定了锌、铅,根据检测结果分成铅未超标组(A组)与铅超标组(A1组)、锌正常组(B组)与低锌组(B1组),然后分析铅超标组和低锌组中儿童ADHD的发生率,并与铅未超标及锌正常组中儿童ADHD的发生率进行比较。结果共检测学龄前及学龄儿童852例,其中铅超标221例(26%),铅超标儿童中ADHD 68例,占铅中毒儿童30.8%;铅不超标儿童631例,其中ADHD38例,占6.0%。两组ADHD发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=92.02,P<0.01)。血锌检查852例,锌低306例(30%),其中ADHD 83例,占27.1%;锌正常546例,其中ADHD 31例,占5.7%。锌低与锌正常两组ADHD发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=77.82,P<0.01)。结论儿童ADHD与微量元素锌、铅失衡有关。

Objective To detect the levels of trace elements zinc and lead in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder （ADHD）, and to explore the relationship between ADHD and the levels of zinc and lead. Methods In the medical examination of children in local region, the levels of zinc and lead were detected by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. According to the detection results, the children were divided into nonexcess lead group （group A） and excess lead group （group AL）, normal zinc group （group B） and below- standard zinc group （group B1）. The incidence rates of ADHD of group A1 and group B1 were analyzed, and then the results were compared with the incidence rates of ADHD of group A and group B. Results Totally 8.52 cases of preschool and school - age children were detected, of which 221 cases were excess lead （26 % ）, and 68 cases were ADHD, which accounted for 30.8 % of excess lead children. There were 631 cases of non- excess lead children, of which 38 cases were ADHD, accounted for 6.0 %. The incidence rate of ADHD was statistically significant different between the two groups （X^2 = 92.02, P〈 0.01）. 8.52 children＇s blood zinc level was detected, and 306 cases were below- standard zinc children （30 % ）, in which 83 cases were ADHD, accounting for 27. 1%.546 children＇s zinc level was normal, including 31 cases of ADHD, accounting for 5.7 %. The incidence rate of ADHD was statistically significant different between below - standard zinc group and normal zinc group （X^2 = 77.82, P 〈 0.01）. Conclusion Children with ADHD are related to the imbalance of trace elements zinc and lead.