明代贵州基层社会变迁与改土归流——兼论民族沟通机制的建立及意义

The Basic Social Transitions and Gaitu Guiliu in Guizhou Areas of Ming Dynasty——On the Establishment of National Communication Mechanism and Its Significance

明代在贵州一些地区,基层社会组织结构发生了变迁,新的阶层产生,民族融合逐渐成熟,推动了改土归流进程。同时在这些基层社会变迁的基础上产生了一套民族沟通机制,加强了流官政府与少数民族的互信和互动,逐渐消除了民族隔阂,动摇了土司制度存在的基础。这套民族沟通机制对于化解改土归流后的社会矛盾,防止民族地区的社会冲突,巩固国家统一等多个方面都有十分重要的意义。

In Ming Dynasty, the structure of basic social organizations in some areas of Gnizhou experienced the trvalsitions of the emergence of the new stratum, the gradual maturity of the national amalgamation, which improved the process of Gaitu Guiliu （ the replacement of hereditary local chieftains with nonhereditary appointees from the central government）. Meanwhile a set of national communication mechanism canoe into being on the basis of these transitions, which strengthened the mutual trust and interaction between the appointees from the central government and the local minorities, gradually eliminated the national estrangement and therefore loosened the foundation of the existence of the appointed hereditary ethnic minority headman system. This national communication mechanism played an important role in assuaging the social contradiction after the Gaitu Guiliu, preventing the social conflicts in minority areas and consolidating the national unity.