夏玉米控制性交替隔沟灌溉农田蒸发蒸腾的试验研究

Experimental Study on Farmland Evapotranspiration of Summer Maize under Alternative Furrow Irrigation

[目的]为夏玉米田间用水管理提供指导。[方法]分析垄植夏玉米控制性交替隔沟灌溉条件下不同水分处理棵间土壤蒸发与作物蒸腾的变化规律,探讨影响棵间土壤蒸发的主要环境因素。[结果]灌水后,棵间土壤蒸发呈明显上升趋势,而后逐渐减小;交替隔沟灌溉灌水后约50%的地表土壤处于干燥状态,可明显减少棵间土壤蒸发,降低无效耗水,提高水分利用率;播种?出苗期,棵间土壤蒸发量占耗水量的比例最高(88%以上),抽雄?灌浆期两者比例最低;影响棵间土壤蒸发的主要因素有:辐射、气温、湿度、风速、土壤含水率等。[结论]控制性交替隔沟灌溉具有明显的节水效果。

[ Objective ] The study was to provide the guidance for field water management of summer maize. [ Method ] The change law of soil evaporation and crop transpiration in different water treatments under alternative furrow irrigation of row cultivated summer maize, and the main environmental factors that affected soil evaporation was studied. [ Result ] After irrigation, soil evaporation showed obvious increasing trend and then decreased gradually. Under alternative furrow irrigation, about 50% surface soil were in dry state, which could obviously de- crease soil evaporation and ineffective water consumption and increase water use efficiency. The ratio of soil evaporation to water consumption was the highest （above 88% ） from sowing to emergence stage, and it was the lowest from heeding to filling stage. The main influence factors on soil evaporation were radiation, air temperature, humidity, wind speed and soil water content. [ Conclusion ] Mternative furrow irrigation had obvious water saving effect.