呼和浩特城区花粉致敏植物调查

Survey on Pollen-allergenic Plants in Huhhot Urban Area

[目的]了解呼和浩特城区花粉致敏植物的种类、物种来源和物候特征。[方法]利用文献调研及专家访问法对城区内的花粉致敏植物进行了调查。[结果]城区共有致敏花粉植物34科68属87种,其中本地种51种,占总数的58.6%,国内其他地区引进种和国外引进种各占总数的19.5%和21.8%。城区内花粉致敏植物属的区系地理分布广泛,涉及14个地理区类型,但仍以北温带成分为主,占48.5%。城区花粉致敏植物的盛花时期可分为2个峰期:第1个峰期在春季的5月份,以致敏性弱的乔木植物开花为主;第2个峰期在夏秋季,以7、8月为最高峰,并以致敏性强的草本植物开花较多。[结论]随着城市化的发展,近年来花粉过敏人数逐年增加,今后要加强致敏花粉植物的研究,为广大人民群众的健康做出积极贡献。

[ Objective l The research aimed to know the species composition, species source, and phenological characteristics of pollen-allergenic plants in Huhhot urban area. [ Method ] A investigation was made by using literature survey and experts interview methed. [ Result ] There were 87 pollen--allergenic plant species belonging to 68 genera and 34 families, among which 51 species were native plants, accounting for 58.6% of the total. 17 species were introduced from other regions of China, occupying 19.5% of the total. 19 species were introduced from foreign countries, being 21.8% of the total. The genera of pollen-allergenic plants in urban area were widely distributed geographically, involving 14 types of geographic areas, but they were mainly North Temperate elements, occupying 48.5%. Full bloom of pollen-allergenic plants were divided into two peaks. The first peak was in May in spring, so that the quick weak arbor plant mainly bloomed. The second peak was in June and August in summer and autumn, so that the quick strong herb bloomed more at this moment. [ Conclusion] With the development of urbanization, the number of allergenic pollen people had increased year by year in recent years. The comprehensive study of allergeiaic pollen plants in the future should be strenghthed to make positive contribution for the people＇s health.